Stimulants are a class of drugs that increase activity in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to having increased alertness, energy, and focus. One of the well-known side effects of stimulants is appetite suppression, which is going to be helpful for leanmaxing since it will result in reduced food intake.
Mechanisms of apatite suppression
Dopamine and reward pathways
Stimulants increase dopamine levels in the brain, particularly in the mesolimbic pathway, which is the brain's reward system. Since dopamine levels are elevated while on stimulants, it reduces the perceived reward value of food, making eating less appealing. Since having increased dopamine enhances the feeling of satisfaction, it leads to less good cravings.
Norepinephrine and the Sympathetic Nervous System
Stimulants increase norepinephrine, activating the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Norepinephrine crucial neurotransmitter and hormone that plays a key role in the flight or flight response. SNS activation shifts energy focus away from digestion and as a result, suppressing hunger signals. Norepinephrine promotes fat breakdown (lipolysis), further reducing appetite.
Serotonin and Satiety Regulation
Some stimulants (e.g., amphetamines) also affect serotonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter linked to mood and appetite. Serotonin receptors in the hypothalamus promote satiety and reduce food intake.
Hypothalamic Regulation
Leptin is out satiety hormone. Stimulants may enhance leptin sensitivity, signalling fullness to the brain. And ghrelin is our hunger hormone. Stimulants can suppress ghrelin secretion. This as a result reduces our hunger.
Common stimulants that supress apatite
Here is a list of common stimulants that supress apatite, and how well they supress apatite:
- Amphetamines (Adderall, Vyvanse) - Strong suppression
- Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta) - moderate-strong suppression
- Caffeine - Mild-moderate suppression
- Nicotine - Moderate suppression
So, stimulants suppress appetite through multiple neurochemical pathways, primarily by increasing dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin while altering hypothalamic hunger signals. While this effect can be beneficial for us as it will help reduce our daily calorie intake.